A course of journey happens when the security instrumented system (SIS) locations the process in its protected state by commanding an automatic valve (Figure 1) or different gear to its trip state in response to an abnormal course of condition. In some instances, a spurious trip happens because of a valve malfunction. In that case, the valve assembly is tested underneath real working situations, which supplies a chance to seize priceless valve diagnostic data.
However, such diagnostics information can solely be captured when automated valves are fitted with digital valve controllers (DVCs). In this text, we’ll focus on how DVCs may help determine the proof check credit score for an automatic valve after a course of journey.
Process trip
A course of journey happens when the SIS detects an abnormal process situation by way of sensors corresponding to temperature and stress, executes the logic and places the method in its secure state by tripping the ultimate parts such as closing an automatic valve, stopping a pump, etc. The SIS could talk with the Basic Process Control System (BPCS) to shut a valve downstream of the automated valve as a secondary motion.
When a course of trip happens, the principle aim is often to restart the unit or gear that has been shut down as soon as potential. Plant engineers are busy troubleshooting and correcting problems. Maintenance technicians are busy repairing broken gadgets. Taking the opportunity to proof take a look at an automatic valve is not going to be a prime priority or even an activity under consideration as a outcome of tight schedule after an unplanned shutdown.
Fortunately, if the automated valve is provided with a DVC, the proof test of the valve can be thought of performed with diagnostic data captured by the DVC. Also, a comparability of the diagnostic data with the valve’s baseline can help discover valve deficiencies and degradations that won’t show up in a proof test.
Figure 2. Proof Test vs Process Trip. Activities carried out (such as repairing the device) and data captured by a Fisher DVC6200 SIS digital valve controller during a course of trip meet most of the 12 necessities of a proof check.
Process trips versus proof checks
How can proof test credit be claimed for an automated valve that has failed and caused a course of trip? A proof test is a periodic check performed on SIS sensors, logic solvers and ultimate components — such as automated valves — to discover hidden failures. These failures, if not corrected or eliminated, could impair the power of the SIS to take the process to its safe state when an abnormal process situation is detected.
A proof take a look at ought to be performed as per the proof test interval specified within the Safety Requirement Specifications. This interval is normally determined through a median chance of failure on demand calculation (PFDavg). Some users may choose to proof test primarily based on predetermined intervals, such as proof testing sensors every 24 months and ultimate parts every forty eight months as an alternative of relying on the PFDavg calculations.
Automated valve proof checks can be done offline or on-line. Offline proof checks are usually scheduled during a turnaround, when the method is completely shut down.
Proof testing an automatic valve on-line often requires a unit or equipment to be shut down, or the valve to be bypassed to stop a spurious trip, making it inconvenient and dear.
But a proof check can be completed during a course of journey.
According to IEC61511-2 Section A.sixteen.three.1.3, “…shutdowns because of actual demand on the SIS throughout operation may be given credit score as proof checks (fully or partial) underneath given conditions…the subsequent planned proof take a look at could also be skipped.”
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The shutdown paperwork equivalent data as registered during corresponding proof take a look at.
The shutdown covers all parts of the SIS, and if not, the device or SIS subsystem not activated must be examined separately.
The shutdown occurs within a predetermined most time window earlier than the subsequent deliberate proof test which can then be canceled
When a process journey occurs, about 60% of a Safety Instrumented Function (SIF) proof take a look at may be thought of performed. A sample list of activities performed during a proof test, together with these which are carried out during a course of trip, is proven in Figure 2. Even with out an automated valve leak take a look at, information captured by the DVC alone can potentially account for an excellent quantity of proof test protection for an automatic valve.
The actual protection depends on the design of the automated valve, its DVC and its application. The coverage is estimated based on the valve degradations, the likelihood of their occurrence and the share of these degradations that can be detected by a DVC. Fortunately, data acquired by a DVC during a course of journey can usually be enough to satisfy a major a part of the proof take a look at requirements.
If the process journey takes place within a predetermined most time window, the end consumer may choose to leverage the method journey as a proof test by completing steps one via five in Figure 2, which are normally not accomplished in a process journey. The subsequent scheduled proof check can then be canceled. According to the Norwegian Oil Industry Association, the maximum time window ought to be the last half of the current proof check interval.
Figure 3. Data throughout a course of journey is captured by the Fisher DVC6200 SIS digital valve controller and made available for evaluation.
Common causes of valve failure
According to ISA Technical Report 96.05.01, the most probably root causes of automated valve degradations — which can lead to a process journey — include:
Partial or intermittent sticking of hydraulic or pneumatic system components similar to solenoids, pilots, speed controller, and so on., because of moisture, debris or alignment points. This causes a loss of practical margin and makes the valve sluggish to open or shut.
Binding, galling or different degradation of valve seats or related move control trim that restricts or resists valve movement.
Actuator seal degradation caused by compression, wear or looseness that reduces the stress out there to actuate the valve.
Minor damage to the valve obturator plug, disk or ball attributable to system situations, leakage or debris, including build-up of hydrocarbon merchandise. This causes leakage.
Complete failure of hydraulic management system components similar to solenoids, pilots, velocity controller, and so forth., because of moisture, particles or alignment. The valve will fail to open or close.
All of those situations can be detected by a Fisher DVC6200SIS digital valve controller (Figure 3).
For example, a valve that’s caught open will exhibit itself as a rise in breakout pressure. Loss of seat load in comparison with when the valve meeting was new indicates potential valve leak. The Fisher DVC6200SIS additionally repeatedly screens for internal faults in addition to its inputs similar to supply strain. When the DVC6200SIS sees the supply stress is simply too low, an alert is generated (Figure 4) so that the tip user can take corrective actions.
Figure 4. The DVC6200SIS digital valve controller detected virtually zero provide pressure, so it alerted the management system.
Other process journey advantages
Diagnostic information captured throughout a process trip may reveal valve degradations that will not be detected throughout a proof check. For instance, diagnostic information captured throughout a course of journey might point out a problem with the valve closing utterly in opposition to the full pressure of the process, which could be an early indication of valve leakage.
The valve stroke time computed by a DVC throughout a course of journey is extra correct underneath real operating conditions. เกจ์อาร์กอนsumo leads to a extra correct SIF response time (the time from detection of an irregular condition to ultimate component reaching its journey state), which is in comparison with the Process Safety Time to make sure the SIF is still meeting its design necessities.
Although automated valves are very dependable, failures recognized in a process journey can present useful information to prevent future failures. This data can help with turnaround planning by making sure the wanted parts can be found earlier than turnaround even begins to doubtlessly shorten the turnaround schedule.
Summary
A course of journey can present the protection required to delay a valve’s subsequent scheduled proof take a look at, thus saving money and time. Data captured by a DVC can be analyzed to leverage the process journey as a proof check. Even if the top user chooses not to take proof test credit for a process journey, the valve diagnostic knowledge provided by the DVC might help plant personnel make proactive valve upkeep choices..
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